Kaval

Kabak kemane player name: Cihan Yurtçu
Songs name: 1- improvisation 2-Kara Koyun
Tv program name: Katre

Kabak Kemane

Kabak kemane player name: İhsan Mendeş
Songs name: 1- improvisation 2-Gül kuruttum 3-Arpa buğday 4-Harmandalı
Tv program name: Katre

2- Bow Instruments

• Kabak Kemane

Kabak Kemane is a bowed Turkish folk instument. Shows variation according to regions and its form. It is known that instruments known as Kabak, Kemane, Iklığ, Rabab, Hegit at Hatay province, Rubaba in Southeastern Turkey, Kemança in Azerbeijan and Gıcak, Gıccek or Gıjek among the central Asian Turks allcome from the same origin.

Its body or the tekne part is generally made from vegetable marrow but wooden ones are also common. The sap is fromhard woods. There is a thin wooden or metal rod underneath the body which is placed on the knee and enables the instrument to move to the left and right. The bow is ade by tying horse hair on two ends of astick. Previously strings made from gut called Kiriş were used which were replaced by metal ones iat the present.

Kabak kemane is an instrument witouth pitches and produces all types of chromatic sounds easily. Its sound sis suitable for long plays and can be used for legato, Staccato and Pizzicato paces.

• Karadeniz Kemençesi

Karadeniz Kemençesi is a bowed Turkish folk instument. As can be surmised from its name it is an instrument widely used in the Black Sea Region. Its body is made from mulberry, plum and juniper woods. The wooden part of the bow generally rose wood or box wood. Horse hair is tied to the ends of the bow.

Kemençe is a three-string instument. While kiriş strings from gut used be put on kemençes, these days mostly metal strings are used.

Kemençe is an instrument witouth pitches and and it is possible to get from it all types of chromatic sounds easily. It is generally played by pressing two strings at the same time and getting parallel quarter notes. It is furthermore played with a special technique which is achieved with wrist movements.

Folk Instruments:1- String Instruments

a) Played with a ple
b) Played with fingers

• Bağlama

Bağlama is the most commonly used string folk instrument in Turkey. It takes different names according to the regions and according to its size such as Bağlama, Divan Sazı, Bozuk, Çöğür, Kopuz Irızva, Cura, Tambura, etc.

Cura is the smallest member of the bağlama family with the highest pitched sound. The member one size bigger than cura which gives a sound that is one octave lower than cura is the tambura. And the one with the deepest sound is the Divan sazı whose sound is one octave lower compared to tambura.

Bağlama has three main parts called Tekne, Göğüs and Sap. Tekne part is generally made from mulberry trees as well as from woods of juniper, beech, spruce or walnut. The göğüs part is made from spruce and the sap section from homespun or juniper.

There are pieces called burgu (screw) at the end of the sap which is opposite to tekne part to which the strings are tied. These screws are used for tuning. There are pitches on the sap tied fith fish line. Bağlama is played with a Mızrap or Tezene made from cherry wood bark or plastic and fingers are used in some regions. The later technique is called Şelpe.

Thee three string groups on bağlama in groups of two or three. These string groups can be tuned in a variety of ways. For example in thetuning style called bağlama Düzeni, the strings in the lower group give la, middle group strings re and upper group strings give mi notes. Besides this type of tuning there are Kara Düzen, Misket Düzeni Müstezat, Abdal Düzeni, Rast Düzeni etc. styles.

Played with plectrum

Played with fingers

• Tar

Tar is a Turkish folk instrument palyed with a plectrum (tezene). It is widely used in the kars region. It is also a commonly used instrument in Azerbeijan, ıran, uzbekistan and Georgia.

Its body is composed of two bowls of different size and is generally made from mulberry trees. The göğüs section is covered with a menbrane taken from the heart of water buffaloes or cattle. Sap section is from hard wood and fishline pitches are tied onto it.

There are two main groups of strings on tar. Those in the first group are used in playing the tune and consists of three groups of two strings. The other group of strings are called Kök and Zengi and are tuned according to the mode to be used and enhance the tone.