October 2007-Turkish Folk Music

Tuesday, October 30, 2007

Kaval

Kabak kemane player name: Cihan Yurtçu
Songs name: 1- improvisation 2-Kara Koyun
Tv program name: Katre

Tuesday, October 23, 2007

Bağlama(playing with fingers)

Bağlama player name: Erdal Erzincan
Song name: Çeke Çeke
Tv program name:Dem bu dem

Wednesday, October 17, 2007

Kabak Kemane

Kabak kemane player name: İhsan Mendeş
Songs name: 1- improvisation 2-Gül kuruttum 3-Arpa buğday 4-Harmandalı
Tv program name: Katre

Sunday, October 14, 2007

Davul (drum) is the oldest known percussion instrument. It can be in different sizes and is generally used in open spaces on occasions such as weddings, folk dances or differeent ceremonies. It consists of a circular wooden frame and a hoop made from two sknsand covered with skin which is put on the frame with the help of strong strngs or leather ribbons.

It is played while hung on the shoulder with knitted or leather strap. The skin on one side of the drum is thich while the on on the other is thinner. The thin one is made from goat, the thick one from sheep skin. The thick skin side is hit with a tokmak and the thin skinned one with a light wooden stick. It is possible to scan or treble with the thin stick. The drum can either be played hung to the sholder or holding it under the arm and using hands.

Tokmak Davul / mp3 (145 KB)
Tokmak Davul / rm (28 KB)

Nağara

Nağara (Koltuk Davulu) is a Turkish folk drum or percussion instrument. It is placed under the arm and beaten with hands. It is longer compared to the regular drums and its diameter is smaller. Picture: Nağara

Tef

Tef (tambourine) is a Turkish percussion instrument. It consists of a metal or wooden hoop over which a skin is stretched. There are two types of tambourines, with or without the cymbals.

Zilli Tef / mp3 (933 KB)
Zilli Tef / rm (174 KB)

Zilsiz Tef Sesi / mp3 (872 KB)
Zilsiz Tef Sesi / rm (162 KB)

Top Picture: Zilli Tef
Bottom Picture: Zilsiz Tef

Kaşık

Kaşık (spoon) is a Turkish percussion instrument. The ones made from boxwood are particularly favoured. The handles are taken between the fingers and the oval parts are held towards the inside of the hand ina backto back position. There are also different holding style.

Kaşık / mp3 (516 KB)
Kaşık / rm (97 KB)

Picture: Kaşık

3- Wind Instruments

Zurna

Zurna is a Turkish folk instrument of the wind type. Because of its strong sound it is generall played in tthe open air, on occasions such as village weddings, sending off the boys to military service, sport encounters, folk dances and similar ceramonial events.. It was the first melody instrument of the Mehter teams in the Ottoman period. It was also used in some traditional theater (ortaoyunu) peformances. It is generally accompanied with a drum. Because of the difficulty of its intonation and its high sound level, it is not used in musical groups. However, in the recent years it started to be used by some folk music groups.

Zurna has a sound range of nearly two octaves and has eight melody keys with seven of them on the front and one on the back. The key at the back is so located as to come between the first two notes towards the reed section at the front. The keys are generally round with 6-8mm. diameters. The length of the instrument changes between 30 - 60 cm and widens out like a funnel starting from the part the melody holes end. This section is called the kalak. At the blowing end there is a thin pipe like rod over which the reed goes. This rod is called Metem. A seperate circular piece with a hole in the middle is put over the Metem to help the breathing technique. This piece is called Avurtluk. The most common zurna playing technique is the continuous playing technique where while the air collected in the cave of the mouth is blown out from the reed, inhalinig through nostrils occurs simultaneously.

There are seven holes besides the melody keys on the kalak section which are smaller in diameter. They are called şeytan deliği (devil's hole) or cin deliği (geni's hole). They can be closed with wax or a similaar material according to the sound hunting of the player.

The instrument which changes between 60 and 30 cm. in length as we have already mentioned is divided into three types according to its sound : Kaba Zurna, Orta Kaba Zurna and Cura Zurna (Zil Zurna). They are generally made from wood of trees such as plums, apricots, walnut, saber etc.

Zurna / mp3 (583 KB)
Zurna / rm (109 KB)

Kaval

Kaval is a Turkish folk instrument of the wind type. It is populary known as the instrument of the shephards. It is also called Guval and Kuval in different regions. The belief that the shepherd leads his sheep flock with his kaval is a wide spread belief among the people. The word kaval is probably a derivative from the word "kav" which means lollow on the inside.

Its sound range is about 2.5 - 3 octaves. It isa widely used instrument inthe folk music groups of today and can be used as asolo instrument within an ensemble. Kaval preserves its sound characterisitc when played together with other instruments.

As kavals are not produced to any defined standards what can be said about its dimensions has to be very general. Its lengty may vary between 30 cm and 80 cm and its diameter is approximately 1.5 cm. It has 7 melody keys on the front and one underneath. Besides these, there are also 4 other keys at the lower section of the instrument called Şeytan Deliği and Hazreti Ali.

Kavals are divided into two main types as Dilli Kaval and Dilsiz Kaval and are generally made from the wood of the plum tree.

Kaval / mp3 (673 KB)
Kaval / rm (126 KB)

Çığırtma

Çığırtma is a Turkish folk instrument of the wind type. Çığıtrma is made from the wing bone of the eagle. It is known to be used mostly by the shepherds and is an almost forgotten instument today. It has a total of seven mekody keys with six onthe topand one underneath It is about 15-30 cm. long.

Çığırtma / mp3 (680 KB)
Çığırtma / rm (127 KB)

Mey

Mey is a Turkish folk instrument of the wind type. It consists of three parts . Ana Gövde (main part), Kamış (reed) and Kıskaç (clip). The clipis mounted to the end of the reed and can be pushed up and down on the reedand thus enabling tuning by providing one note variation in the sound.

May which is made of wood from plum walnut, beech etc. has sound distance of about one octave. It has a total of eight melody keys with with seeven on topand one underneath.There are three types of mey : Cura Mey, Orta Mey and Ana Mey. Mey is called Balaban in Azerbeijan.

Mey / mp3 (548 KB)
Mey / rm (103 KB)

Tulum

Tulum (bagpipe) is a Turkish folk instrument of the wind type. It consists of three parts with Deri Kısmı (leather section), Nav and Ağızlık (mouth piece). The air is stored in the leather section and is let into the nav section by pressing the bag under the arm. Nav is the part where the melody is played. It also has two parts called Analık and Dillik. Ağızlık is the section which sends the air to the leather bag of the pipe.

Tulum is used in Turkey at Trabzon, Rize, Erzurum, Kars, Northern and Eastern Anatolian regions and at the Thrace region. Tulum, which is generally made from lamb or kid skin, is called Gayda in Thrace .

Tulum / mp3 (430 KB)
Tulum / rm (81 KB)

Sipsi

Sipsi which is a Turkish folk instrument of the wind type is made from bone, wood or reed. The reed ones are more common. It has a second smaller part at the end which is made of reed that produces the sound. This part is completely taken into the mouth and the air is blown.

It is most widely used inthe Aegean Region the instrument has a total of six melody keys with five on the top and one underneath.

Sipsi / mp3 (451 KB)
Sipsi / rm (85 KB)

Çifte

Çifte is a Turkish folk instrument of the wind type. It is made by tieing two reed pipes side by side. Two small reed pieces which produce the sound are added to the ends of both reeds. These two small reeds are taken into the mouth cavity andit is played by blowing the air at the same time.

There are two çifte types known as Demli Çifte and Demsiz Çifte. In demli çifte one of the reeds does not have any pitch keys and it just produces a background sound. There are melody keys onthe other red and the main melody is played through them

Çifte is also known as Argun, Argul, Kargın or Zambır at different regions.

Çifte / mp3 (427 KB)
Çifte / rm (80 KB)

2- Bow Instruments

Kabak Kemane

Kabak Kemane is a bowed Turkish folk instument. Shows variation according to regions and its form. It is known that instruments known as Kabak, Kemane, Iklığ, Rabab, Hegit at Hatay province, Rubaba in Southeastern Turkey, Kemança in Azerbeijan and Gıcak, Gıccek or Gıjek among the central Asian Turks allcome from the same origin.

Its body or the tekne part is generally made from vegetable marrow but wooden ones are also common. The sap is fromhard woods. There is a thin wooden or metal rod underneath the body which is placed on the knee and enables the instrument to move to the left and right. The bow is ade by tying horse hair on two ends of astick. Previously strings made from gut called Kiriş were used which were replaced by metal ones iat the present.

Kabak kemane is an instrument witouth pitches and produces all types of chromatic sounds easily. Its sound sis suitable for long plays and can be used for legato, Staccato and Pizzicato paces.

Karadeniz Kemençesi

Karadeniz Kemençesi is a bowed Turkish folk instument. As can be surmised from its name it is an instrument widely used in the Black Sea Region. Its body is made from mulberry, plum and juniper woods. The wooden part of the bow generally rose wood or box wood. Horse hair is tied to the ends of the bow.

Kemençe is a three-string instument. While kiriş strings from gut used be put on kemençes, these days mostly metal strings are used.

Kemençe is an instrument witouth pitches and and it is possible to get from it all types of chromatic sounds easily. It is generally played by pressing two strings at the same time and getting parallel quarter notes. It is furthermore played with a special technique which is achieved with wrist movements.

Folk Instruments:1- String Instruments

a) Played with a ple
b) Played with fingers

Bağlama

Bağlama is the most commonly used string folk instrument in Turkey. It takes different names according to the regions and according to its size such as Bağlama, Divan Sazı, Bozuk, Çöğür, Kopuz Irızva, Cura, Tambura, etc.

Cura is the smallest member of the bağlama family with the highest pitched sound. The member one size bigger than cura which gives a sound that is one octave lower than cura is the tambura. And the one with the deepest sound is the Divan sazı whose sound is one octave lower compared to tambura.

Bağlama has three main parts called Tekne, Göğüs and Sap. Tekne part is generally made from mulberry trees as well as from woods of juniper, beech, spruce or walnut. The göğüs part is made from spruce and the sap section from homespun or juniper.

There are pieces called burgu (screw) at the end of the sap which is opposite to tekne part to which the strings are tied. These screws are used for tuning. There are pitches on the sap tied fith fish line. Bağlama is played with a Mızrap or Tezene made from cherry wood bark or plastic and fingers are used in some regions. The later technique is called Şelpe.

Thee three string groups on bağlama in groups of two or three. These string groups can be tuned in a variety of ways. For example in thetuning style called bağlama Düzeni, the strings in the lower group give la, middle group strings re and upper group strings give mi notes. Besides this type of tuning there are Kara Düzen, Misket Düzeni Müstezat, Abdal Düzeni, Rast Düzeni etc. styles.

Played with plectrum

Played with fingers

Tar

Tar is a Turkish folk instrument palyed with a plectrum (tezene). It is widely used in the kars region. It is also a commonly used instrument in Azerbeijan, ıran, uzbekistan and Georgia.

Its body is composed of two bowls of different size and is generally made from mulberry trees. The göğüs section is covered with a menbrane taken from the heart of water buffaloes or cattle. Sap section is from hard wood and fishline pitches are tied onto it.

There are two main groups of strings on tar. Those in the first group are used in playing the tune and consists of three groups of two strings. The other group of strings are called Kök and Zengi and are tuned according to the mode to be used and enhance the tone.

POETRY-TÜRKÜ

TÜRKÜ
In the Turkısh spoken tradition, ‘türkü’ is the word most frequently employed to describe all forms of popular verse accompanied by a melody. It may be sub-divided into lullabies, laments, and other airs and verses.

Examples of the Türkü :

Musically Annotated Türkü

MERCY GREEN VALLEY

Name: The green valley of mercy
Where collected: Hamzabey Village in İnegöl
Annotated by: Hasan Yörenç
İnegöl High School Music Teacher

I brought the wolf down from the mountain,
My horse sweated and stopped.
Let he who leaves his lover
Have no place or home.

Mercy, my lover has gone for a soldier,
Let him you, you damned sergeant.

My radio has a battery,
A bell to one side,
Girls’ handkerchieves
Are in boys’ pockets.

Chorus

Where is my ice-cream?
I do not recall my old love,
I shall never cause my new love
To shed a tear.

Chorus

Stones at the head of the fountain,
Mo lover mixes the washing,
Lift your hat, my lover
To show your arched eyebrows.

Chorus

I passed by the coffee house
And drank a cup of coffee
I laughed about you
With the owner’s son.

Chorus

I have no money, my lover
To buy a pencil for your eyebrow, my lover
I had word this evening,
Greetings, my lover.

Chorus

Let us go, my lover
To the Wednesday market
Let them place us both
In a lovers’ grave.

Chorus

Next feast of the sacrifice,
Send white goats’ yoghurt
And my lover, oh sergeant,
Let me celebrate here.

Chorus

A non-musically annotated türkü

The Türkü of Mehmet

I did not know, a cruel one was following me,
My blood is flowing, look in my face,
No water can now be poured on my fresh rose,
I fell in love at age seventeen, oh mothers.

I became a target, oh mother, and became a soldier,
I waited to be discharged.
My fiancee had given me a gift,
My older brother my killer, I suffered, oh mothers.

My name was Mehmet, my surname Coşar,
My cruel brother rushes to kill,
My blood runs in torrents,
Let my fiancée wear black, oh mothers.

My brother lay waiting at Pozantı,
Cruel brother, please do not mourn me,
Nightingales sing in the garden
I died before I was fully grown up, oh mothers.

I got on the bus, and got off at Digor,
And headed for Dikenli village,
I fell into your hands,
I have faded like a flower, oh mothers.

They shot me in Maraş,
My unlucky mother waited for me at home,
All my neighbours said I was unlucky,
Look at my black writing, oh mothers.

I joined my detachment and was glad,
I wrote my letter and posted it.
Mother, why did I not laugh when I was young?
Let mothers weep for your unlucky son.

My unlucky mother waited for me,
My fiancée put on mourning clothes when she heard,
My cruel brother murdered me,
The unhappy soldier suffers, mothers.

I sent a telegram when I received permission,
Set out and was glad,
Mourn for the suffering soldier,
I died in the Toros Mountains, oh mothers.

I came at one o’clock, and nobody saw,
Nobody told my parents,
Nobody died in such pain as me,
That was when I was shot, oh mothers.

Bağlamam Var Üç Telli

Bana Yücelerden Seyreden Dilber

Başına Döndüğüm Kurban Olduğum

Bayram Oldu Gelmedi

Be Felek Senin Elinden

Bedir Geliyor (Üğrünü Üğrünü Gelir Dereden)

Bekar Gezelim

Beni Ağlatırsan Yoluna Ağlat

Beni Dertten Derde Saldın

Bilmem Şu Feleğin Bende Nesi Var

Bir Güzelin Aşığıyım Erenler

Bir Kuş Gelir Mermerden

Bir Kuş Gibi

Bir Seher Vaktinde

Bir Ulu Ağaçtan Bir Yaprak Düşse

Bitti M'ola Bizim Elin Söğüdü

Böyle İkrar İlen Böyle Yolunan

Böyle Olur Mu

Bu Dağda Maral Gezer

Bu Devran (Gülendam)

Bugün Bize Pir Geldi

bugün dost yaralanmış

Bugün Yardan Haber Geldi

Tuesday, October 9, 2007

Notes of Turkish Folk Music-A

A İstanbul Sen Bir Han Mısın

Abdurrahman Halayı

Acem Kızı

Ağlama Ceylan Balası

Ağlama Gözlerim Mevlam Kerimdir

Ağlama Yar Ağlama

Ağlasam mı

Ah Bir Ataş Ver

Al Fadimem (Evlerinin Önü)

Al Fistanın Moruna

Al Yazmalım

Aldanma Gönül Aldanma (Bu Dünyanın Devranına)

Allı Turnalar

Almanı Attım Harala

Aman Elmacı Yarim

Aman Mor Koyun

Ana Meni Yaz Ağla

Ana Yurdum Baba Yurdum

Anam mı Var

Ankara Zeybeği

Antalya Semahı

Arakçının Mendedir Ceyran

Arpa Buğday Daneler

Atem Tutem Men Seni

Ay Bir Yana Sen Bir Yana

Ayrıldım Güler miyim

Tuesday, October 30, 2007

Kaval

Tuesday, October 23, 2007

Bağlama(playing with fingers)

Wednesday, October 17, 2007

Kabak Kemane

Sunday, October 14, 2007

4- Percussion

3- Wind Instruments

2- Bow Instruments

Folk Instruments:1- String Instruments

POETRY-TÜRKÜ

Z

Y

V

U

T

S

P

O

N

M

L

K

I

H

G

F

E

D

C

Notes-B

Tuesday, October 9, 2007

Notes of Turkish Folk Music-A

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